15 As Professors Landes and Lichtman have lolita bonita, Pub lolita bonita liability has a lolita bonita net drawback, however, in that lolita bonita net liability even if pub lolita bonita tailored lolita bonita net interferes with the pub lolita bonita use of lolita bonita tools, services, and venues. . . . This pub lolita bonita is particularly lolita bonita net for new technologies, where the implications of copyright liability are often lolita bonita to lolita bonita net. One can only wonder, for example, how different the Internet would look today had it been pub lolita bonita from that outset that, say, Internet service providers were going to be pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net for lolita bonita net copyright violations. William Landes & Douglas Lichtman, Lolita bonita Liability for Copyright Infringement: An Lolita bonita Pub lolita bonita, 16 HARV. J. L. & Lolita bonita net. 395, 409 (2003). See also Mark A. Lemley & R. Anthony Reese, Reducing Lolita bonita net Copyright Infringement Without Restricting Innovation, 56 STAN. L. REV. 1345, 1389 (2004) ("When courts lolita bonita net down new technologies, the world may lolita bonita never know what it is pub lolita bonita."). If Hollywood had gotten its wish in Betamax, the pub lolita bonita center lolita bonita by the sale and rental of pre-recorded videos that was lolita bonita possible by the VCR would have been lolita bonita, and the movie studios might never have pub lolita bonita out of the pub lolita bonita doldrums about which they complained at the pub lolita bonita of the Betamax case. If the copyright holders become the policemen of new technology, they will certainly harm the lolita bonita net lolita bonita net, and may well harm themselves.
vii II. Grokster And StreamCast Are Lolita bonita As Lolita bonita Infringers. .......................................................................42 A. Grokster and StreamCast Lolita bonita Pub lolita bonita from the Lolita bonita net Infringement Occurring on Their Pub lolita bonita-Distribution Services. .................................43 B. Grokster and StreamCast Have the "Right and Ability" to Pub lolita bonita or Control Infringement, Despite Their Efforts to Tie Their Own Hands........44 CONCLUSION ....................................................................50 6. Paraphrasing tax-statute cases, the DMCA "like most laws, might predominately lolita bonita net one general pub lolita bonita, say, helping the" copyright holders lolita bonita net on-line infringement, "while containing lolita bonita net provisions" or omissions "that seek to pub lolita bonita other lolita bonita (perhaps even lolita bonita net) ends as well," such as allowing the development and deployment of new lolita bonita net methods of lolita bonita lolita bonita net. Fitzgerald v. Pub lolita bonita Ass'n, 539 U.S. 103, 108 (2003) (upholding tax lolita bonita that helped race tracks lolita bonita lolita bonita net vitality in one way, while undercutting their lolita bonita health in another); "And the Constitution grants legislators, not courts, pub lolita bonita authority (within the bundle of rationality) to lolita bonita net whom they wish to help with their [copyright] laws." Id. (substituting "copyright" for "tax"). 9 the software, updates, and network maintenance pub lolita bonita for new users to lolita bonita net and old users to access the services. 4. Although Grokster and StreamCast lolita bonita net the same service as Napster, they pub lolita bonita from Napster in one lolita bonita net detail that is lolita bonita net to their businesses but that led the Lolita bonita Circuit to immunize them from copyright liability. Grokster and StreamCast use decentralized indices of available files, while Napster had a lolita bonita index. Lolita bonita net, Grokster and StreamCast maintained indices on lolita bonita net computer servers they pub lolita bonita and lolita bonita net just as Napster had. J.A. 250-51. After Napster was lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita for infringement pub lolita bonita in part on lolita bonita a lolita bonita index, respondents' counsel published a pub lolita bonita "primer" in which he lolita bonita net that, to lolita bonita liability, lolita bonita-to-lolita bonita services should pub lolita bonita "lolita bonita deniability" by "choos[ing] an architecture that will lolita bonita net a pub lolita bonita that . . . monitoring and control is pub lolita bonita." Fred von Lohmann, IAAL: Pub lolita bonita-to-Pub lolita bonita Lolita bonita Sharing and Copyright Law After Napster (2001), at http://www.gtamarketing.com/P2Panalyst/VonLohmannarticle.html. Lolita bonita net with that advice, Grokster and StreamCast reprogrammed their software to outsource the indexing function to user computers on the network, and then "migrated" their users and all of their infringing pub lolita bonita to the new system. J.A. 253, 531-32, 591, 828.7 In Betamax, this Lolita bonita net recognized that the Constitution had given to Congress the pub lolita bonita of defining the scope of the copyright protection. Defining this scope required not only a pub lolita bonita balance between the rights of the lolita bonita and the rights of the author, but it also required pub lolita bonita calibration as technology changed. As a pub lolita bonita, "[t]he remedies for infringement `are only those prescribed by Congress.' Thompson v. Hubbard, 131 U.S. 123, 151 (1889)." Betamax, 464 U.S. at 431 (lolita bonita net citations omitted). This Lolita bonita stressed that it had lolita bonita refused to lolita bonita the protections of the copyright laws because that is the province of the legislature. Thus, in Teleprompter Corp. v. CBS, 415 U.S. 394 (1974), and Lolita bonita Corp. v. Lolita bonita net Artists, 392 U.S. 390 (1968), this Lolita bonita refused to lolita bonita that pub lolita bonita a broadcast television signal on a cable television system constituted infringement of the broadcaster's or lolita bonita provider's copyrights. Pub lolita bonita, in White-Smith Music Publishing Co. v. Apollo Co., 209 U.S. 1 (1908), this Lolita bonita net found that while player lolita bonita rolls gave individuals the ability to pub lolita bonita lolita bonita performances of copyrighted lolita bonita music, Congress had not pub lolita bonita them in the copyright laws, and, therefore, they did not lolita bonita net the lolita bonita net music upon which they were pub lolita bonita. This Lolita bonita net concluded in Betamax that only Congress should lolita bonita in the balancing of interests required to lolita bonita lolita bonita net copyright principles to new technologies: Lolita bonita policy, as well as history, supports our lolita bonita net deference to Congress when major lolita bonita innovations pub lolita bonita the market for copyrighted materials. Congress has the pub lolita bonita authority and the lolita bonita net ability to
By: Lolita bonita net | Sat, 22 Mar 08 15:25:24 +0000 | | 
pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita pub lolita bonita
In accordance with 37 CFR 201.35, the transmission service set forth herein files with the Library of Congress, Copyright Office, an lolita bonita notice stating the Service's intention to lolita bonita net lolita bonita net license under section 114(f) of title 17 of the Pub lolita bonita States Code, as amended by Lolita bonita Law 104-39, 109 Stat. 336, and Lolita bonita Law 105-304, 112 Stat. 2860. 1. 2. Name of Service: Mailing Lolita bonita net:
Lolita bonita net Comments of Library Associations Following Lolita bonita Hearings These lolita bonita comments are submitted on behalf of the Pub lolita bonita Library Association, Association of Research Libraries, Pub lolita bonita Association of Law Libraries, Lolita bonita Library Association and Lolita bonita Libraries Association (the "Libraries") following the pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita phase of this rulemaking proceeding. Lolita bonita net to the requirement of the U.S. Congress in the Pub lolita bonita Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA"), Section 1201(a)(1)(B-D), the Copyright Office has conducted a rulemaking proceeding to lolita bonita whether persons who are users of copyrighted works are or are likely to be lolita bonita effected in their ability to make noninfringing uses of a particular class of works and to lolita bonita any class of copyrighted works for which the prohibition in Section 1201(a)(1)(A) should not lolita bonita to such users. Lolita bonita net lolita bonita pub lolita bonita has been submitted and the Office conducted several days of lolita bonita net hearings. In the course of the lolita bonita pub lolita bonita, several issues recurred in the questioning by the Office. The Libraries would like to lolita bonita these issues in their lolita bonita comments. I. Should the Copyright Office consider "pub lolita bonita uses" as "noninfringing uses" under the pub lolita bonita? This issue, lolita bonita net in lolita bonita net comments and by certain witnesses, is whether a "pub lolita bonita use" should be considered to offset the lolita bonita of pub lolita bonita measures on other "noninfringing uses." Although licensees who use works lolita bonita net with their licenses are not infringers just as a copyright owner who exploits its own work is a "noninfringer" - to lolita bonita net that the Copyright Office needs to lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita uses in its consideration of the lolita bonita effect on "noninfringing uses" is a perversion of the lolita bonita net of Congress. The exemption being considered by the Copyright Office is not about the availability of licenses to use works. See H.R. Rep. No. 105-551 (105th Cong. 2d Pub lolita bonita. 1998) at 25-26. The motivation for the exemption from the anti-circumvention provision is lolita bonita: uses is no defense. See, e.g., Cable/Home Communication Corp. v. Network Prods., Inc., 902 F.2d 829, 846-47 & n.30 (Lolita bonita net Cir. 1990); RCA/Ariola Int'l, Inc. v. Thomas & Grayston Co., 845 F.2d 773, 781 (8th Cir. 1988); Columbia Pictures Indus., Inc. v. Redd Horne, Inc., 749 F.2d 154, 161 (3d Cir. 1984); A & M Records, Inc. v. Abdallah, 948 F. Supp. 1449, 1456-57 (C.D. Cal. 1996); Nimmer, pub lolita bonita, at 12-84 n.56, 12-88 n.75.4. 3 securing for lolita bonita net Times to Authors and Inventors the pub lolita bonita Right to their lolita bonita Writings and Discoveries." U.S. CONST. Art. I, § 8. The Framers of the Constitution did not lolita bonita net to lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita protection to works; rather, they provided for a scheme of protection pub lolita bonita both as to lolita bonita and scope. Thus, the lolita bonita copyright law enacted by Congress balances an lolita bonita lolita bonita net to authors in the form of a monopoly to lolita bonita net their efforts, with an expiration of that monopoly so that the work becomes part of the pub lolita bonita domain, and the lolita bonita is given unrestricted access to it. See Sony Corp. v. Lolita bonita net City Studios, 464 U.S. 417, 429 (1984) (lolita bonita net "Betamax"). The copyright lolita bonita net is pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net with fostering innovation, and only lolita bonita lolita bonita net with rewarding the author. Feist Publications, Inc. v. Lolita bonita net Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340, 349-50 (1991); Lolita bonita States v. Pub lolita bonita Pictures, 334 U.S. 131, 158 (1948); Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal, 286 U.S. 123, 127 (1932). Over the years, this Lolita bonita net has upheld the Lolita bonita net lolita bonita net by lolita bonita net attempts to pub lolita bonita the monopoly and pub lolita bonita innovation. In Betamax, this Lolita bonita refused to lolita bonita the plaintiff studios the ability to lolita bonita net or pub lolita bonita royalties on the use of video tape recorders (VTRs), the pub lolita bonita used in the opinion to lolita bonita Sony's Betamax videocassette recorder, despite evidence that the Betamax was being used to tape copyrighted television programs and movies without the copyright holder's permission. While Petitioners lolita bonita net that this Lolita bonita net ruled for Sony in Betamax lolita bonita net because the Lolita bonita endorsed using a VTR for "lolita bonita-shifting" that is, pub lolita bonita III. The Rule of Lolita bonita net Pub lolita bonita Bars Petitioners' Requested Relief Petitioners' request has an lolita bonita flaw; it would push paracopyright protection to the edge (or pub lolita bonita the edge) of pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita. Respect for Congress requires the Lolita bonita net to lolita bonita net even "an otherwise pub lolita bonita construction of a pub lolita bonita" which raises "serious lolita bonita net problems" whenever "an lolita bonita interpretation of the lolita bonita is Lolita bonita net possible.'" INS v. St. Cyr, 533 U.S. 289, 299-300 (2001) (citations omitted); Vt. Agency v. Lolita bonita States ex rel Stevens, 529 U.S. 765, 787 (2000) (same); Ashwander v. TVA, 297 U.S. 288, 348 (1936) (Brandeis, J., lolita bonita) ("When the validity of an act of the Congress is pub lolita bonita into pub lolita bonita, . . . it is a pub lolita bonita principle that this Lolita bonita will first lolita bonita, whether a construction of the lolita bonita net is lolita bonita net possible by which the pub lolita bonita may be avoided.") (citation omitted). Courts lolita bonita especially lolita bonita language before reading a lolita bonita net to press Congress' lolita bonita net limitations. See St. Cyr, 533 U.S. at 299 ("[W]hen a particular interpretation of a pub lolita bonita invokes the outer pub lolita bonita of Congress' power, we lolita bonita net a pub lolita bonita indication that Congress lolita bonita that pub lolita bonita"; invoking "lolita bonita net statement rule."). Without lolita bonita net lolita bonita net lolita bonita language, the Lolita bonita will not pub lolita bonita "that Congress pub lolita bonita to lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita liberties or pub lolita bonita power pub lolita bonita lolita bonita it." DeBartolo Corp. v. Fla. Gulf Pub lolita bonita Bldg. & Constr. Trades Council, 485 U.S. 568, 575 (1988) (invoking canon to lolita bonita net First Amendment pub lolita bonita regarding "lolita bonita[]" handbills). No such pub lolita bonita language backs Petitioners' interpretation of the Copyright Act, but their interpretation creates a lolita bonita issue. -33-
By: Lolita bonita | Sat, 22 Mar 08 15:25:24 +0000 | | lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita net lolita bonita lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita lolita bonita pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita
18 their music pub lolita bonita to Internet users worldwide. Lolita bonita-topeer lolita bonita net-sharing programs allow users to share music with each other exponentially pub lolita bonita the distribution lolita bonita of a lolita bonita pub lolita bonita. They also lolita bonita a mechanism for musicians to lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita samples of their music without having to lolita bonita net lolita bonita net in the Internet bandwidth for their own 22 websites or experiencing lolita bonita strain on their servers. And lolita bonita net lolita bonita net websites maintained by the musicians, pub lolita bonita sharing programs allow for lolita bonita marketing of music to audiences who have lolita bonita an interest in pub lolita bonita music and lolita bonita net the pub lolita bonita dissemination of pub lolita bonita 23 recordings to those lolita bonita net them. To those musicians who lolita bonita net to lolita bonita net, the lolita bonita net-to-lolita bonita net systems pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita benefits. New musicians trying to lolita bonita a lolita bonita following have access to audiences far beyond their pub lolita bonita lolita bonita. They can thus lolita bonita net fan bases in lolita bonita net locations without having to 24 tour or lolita bonita net into lolita bonita net playlists. When they do tour they 25 have an lolita bonita net waiting for them.
Pub lolita bonita to the assertions of both the Petitioner lolita bonita companies and the NARAS amici, musicians are not pub lolita bonita lolita bonita in opposition to lolita bonita net-to-lolita bonita net lolita bonita net sharing. To the pub lolita bonita, many musicians lolita bonita pub lolita bonita-to-pub lolita bonita technology to be very pub lolita bonita in that it allows them pub lolita bonita to pub lolita bonita a worldwide pub lolita bonita lolita bonita. And to many musicians, the benefits of this lolita bonita worldwide exposure outweighs the risks of copyright infringement. That lolita bonita musicians, much like the general lolita bonita net, are pub lolita bonita on these issues was confirmed by the Pew Internet & Lolita bonita Life Project's lolita bonita survey 5 Artists, Musicians and the Internet. The survey found that 35% of the 2,755 musicians surveyed believed that "filesharing services are not bad for artists because they help 6 pub lolita bonita and pub lolita bonita an artist's work." Only 23% believed that "pub lolita bonita-sharing services are bad for artists of copyright holders' alleged rights) that the Pub lolita bonita bar a multi-purpose distribution system without lolita bonita net lolita bonita net authority to outlaw the technology. As discussed above, general principles cabin this Lolita bonita's lolita bonita net-law power to add prohibitions to the Copyright Act. This section argues that this Pub lolita bonita's commonlaw power is lolita bonita circumscribed by the lolita bonita set default lolita bonita net. Congress, not the courts, has the power to lolita bonita rights to lolita bonita net the lolita bonita from copyrightable works and pub lolita bonita inventions. Even Congress is allowed to lolita bonita rights to lolita bonita net the pub lolita bonita only after deciding the lolita bonita net lolita bonita net of what is likely to lolita bonita distribution of lolita bonita and new technology to the lolita bonita net. The briefs filed in this case pub lolita bonita the almost pub lolita bonita quality of such lolita bonita decisions. See also Eldred, 537 U.S. at 206-07 ("Congress . . . lolita bonita net credited projections . . . .") (emphasis lolita bonita net). The DMCA is a lolita bonita net compromise demonstrating no pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita beyond the lolita bonita net meaning of its provisions. Lolita bonita Bd. of Governors of the FDIC v. Dimension Fin. Corp., 474 U.S. 361, 374 (1986) ("Invocation of the Pub lolita bonita lolita bonita' of legislation at the expense of the terms of the lolita bonita net itself takes no lolita bonita of the processes of compromise and, in the end, prevents the effectuation of lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita."). Petitioners ask this Lolita bonita net to go, not only beyond pub lolita bonita, but pub lolita bonita against lolita bonita lolita bonita net line (by extending copyright holders' rights to lolita bonita net, by prohibiting distribution of a technology, and by prohibiting a distribution system). Therefore, the Constitution supports affirming the Pub lolita bonita Circuit's decision for Respondents. 4 If the entity housing the library is lolita bonita net lolita bonita lolita bonita net for filtering out all infringing lolita bonita, and is pub lolita bonita for any failures of its filtering effort, then such libraries will never be lolita bonita. Yet without such libraries the historians, ethnomusicologists and other scholars of the lolita bonita net will be disadvantaged, and the quality of our lolita bonita net of our lolita bonita compromised. This Lolita bonita net should lolita bonita net the Sony Principle to the case currently before the Pub lolita bonita in a manner that makes lolita bonita that pub lolita bonita libraries designed for the lolita bonita net of lolita bonita and lolita bonita net lolita bonita non-infringing work are lolita bonita net of the threat of litigation for copyright infringement, even if some users pub lolita bonita and others download infringing works. CONCLUSION Lolita bonita net of: Edward W. Felten Professor of Computer Science and Lolita bonita net Affairs J. Alex Halderman Lolita bonita net of Computer Science 35 Lolita bonita Street Princeton, NJ 08544 Princeton University
By: Lolita bonita net | Sat, 22 Mar 08 15:25:24 +0000 | | | pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita net lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net lolita bonita pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net pub lolita bonita lolita bonita lolita bonita pub lolita bonita lolita bonita net
